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1

Dr. Munesh Kumar

Abstract:
The reservation policy for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in India was constitutionally designed as a transformative instrument to redress centuries of untouchability, discrimination, and structural exclusion. However, the recent decision of the Supreme Court in State of Punjab v. Davinder Singh (2024) permitting sub-categorization within SC/ST reservations has revived an intense constitutional and socio-political debate. This paper critically examines whether sub-categorization advances substantive equality or undermines collective protection in a social context where caste discrimination remains pervasive even against highly placed SC/ST officers, students, ministers, and professionals.


1-14
2

Arti Gaur, Renu,

Abstract:
In today’s knowledge-based banking landscape, effective knowledge management has emerged as a key factor influencing organizational performance and competitive advantage. Among its various components, knowledge creation holds particular significance as it drives innovation, enhances service quality, and improves operational efficiency. The present study seeks to examine the impact of demographic characteristics on knowledge creation practices within the banking sector of Haryana. The research investigates how factors such as age, gender, educational qualification, work experience, income level, and organizational position shape employees’ perceptions of knowledge creation as an essential dimension of knowledge management. The study is grounded in primary data collected from employees of public and private sector banks functioning across Haryana through a structured questionnaire. To analyze demographic differences in perceptions, statistical techniques including descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were applied. The findings indicate that knowledge creation practices are actively present in banks; however, notable differences are observed among certain demographic groups, particularly in relation to age, educational qualification, work experience, and income level. Gender-based differences were statistically insignificant, suggesting a comparatively equitable environment for knowledge creation within the banking sector. The results further reveal that experienced and mid-level employees significantly contribute to knowledge creation through tacit knowledge, expertise, and practical problem-solving abilities, whereas younger employees exhibit stronger adaptability to technology-oriented knowledge systems. The study concludes that demographic diversity plays a meaningful role in shaping knowledge creation processes, and its effective management can strengthen organizational learning and innovation in banks. These findings provide valuable implications for banking administrators and policymakers in developing inclusive knowledge management frameworks and customized training initiatives that harness demographic strengths. Additionally, the study enriches the limited regional-level empirical literature on knowledge management within the Indian banking sector.


15-32
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