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1

Prof. Narendra Pal Singh and Vaibhav Kumar

Abstract:
Limited access to formal financial services continues to affect many women in rural areas. Low income, lack of collateral, and weak banking infrastructure often restrict their ability to obtain institutional credit. Microfinance programs have emerged as an important approach to address this gap. These initiatives provide small loans, savings options, and group-based financial support to people who are often excluded from traditional banking systems. This study examines how microfinance contributes to improving the economic conditions of rural women. The analysis uses secondary data obtained from national institutions such as the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, the Reserve Bank of India, and the National Rural Livelihoods Mission. These sources provide information on the expansion of microfinance activities and the participation of women in these programs. The study focuses on several indicators, including the growth of Self-Help Groups, the rise in women’s membership, and the amount of bank credit linked to these groups. The data show that the number of SHGs and women participants has increased over time. This indicates wider access to financial services among rural households. The expansion of bank credit has also allowed many women to start income-generating activities. These include small businesses, livestock rearing, handicrafts, and agricultural work. Such activities help increase household income and improve economic stability.


1-10
2

Garima Sharma , Sakshi Shahi

Abstract:
The contemporary competitive and dynamic market place has witnessed customer retention as significant as acquisition of new customers. In this paper a critical discourse is given on how brand loyalty is an essential consideration when it comes to customer loyalty in competitive markets. The research will also strive to grasp the connections that exist between emotional attachment, trust consumer, perceived quality and customer satisfaction and building a brand loyalty and vice versa with regard to repeat purchase, and long-term customer relationships. Research design is quantitative research design and primary data collected through ads, using questionnaire that is designed, distributed to consumers of various demographic groups. The statistical techniques that are employed are correlation analysis, the regression analysis and the factor analysis that determine the strength and type of relationship between brand loyalty and customer retention. The findings reveal that the relationship between brand loyalty and customer retention is very positive, which suggests that the loyal customers will repurchase, recommend the brand and remain with the brand regardless of any changes in the market. Besides, as the paper suggests, emotional branding, a consistent quality and adequate customer engagement strategies are key elements to a stronger level of loyalty. Brand loyalty may be considered a competitive advantage at markets of low product differentiation, where the brand loyalty causes the customer lifetime value to rise and the marketing costs to fall because of obtaining new customers. The research makes the inference that organizations have to center on establishment and sustenance of brand loyalty through customized experience, open dialogue and continuously creation of value. The study also serves as an important contribution to marketers, policy-makers and business plan strategists whose focus is on development of sustainable competitive advantages in a bid to develop better customer retention strategies.\\r\\n


11-22
3

Joynal Abedin Tafader

Abstract:
The rapid growth of e-commerce platforms in India has revolutionized the retail landscape, making online shopping a convenient and attractive option for consumers across the country. While metropolitan and urban consumers have readily embraced online shopping, rural and semi-urban areas like Katigorah Part III in the Cachar district of Assam are still in a transitional phase. With increasing internet penetration and the availability of smartphones, people in this region have begun to participate in online shopping, particularly for clothing items. However, this shift has not been without its challenges.


23-29
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